نامهای اورارتو و ارمنستان به معنی سرزمین شیر به نظر می رسند

(The names of Urartu and Armenia seem to mean the land of the lion) نام بومی کهن بیائینیلی (سرزمین بیان) می تواند به معنی سرزمین شیر باشد:

भयानक adj. bhayAna[ka] dreadful, lion

आलय m. Alaya place

نام شوریلی آن هم می تواند به معنی سرزمین شیر باشد:

शुर m. shura lion

आलय m. Alaya place

نام نائیری آن هم به معنی محل مربوط به درنده (شیر) به نظر می رسد:

निरिणीते{निरी} verb niriNite[niri] rend

با توجه به واژه های ارمنی وایر (جا) و آریوتس (شیر) نامهای اوراشتو و اورارتو و آرارات نیز می توانند به معنی سرزمین شیر باشند:

vayr: place

arryuts: lion

هیئت آشوری اوروآتری (اورو-اطری) هم معنی کشور شیر را می دهد:

Uru: lion

Atri: template, country

خود آرارات به شکل آرَ-ارِت[س] به زبانهای سامی معنی سرزمین شیر می دهد:

Ara: lion

erets (arats):ارض

حتی خود نام ارمنیه به معنی جایگاه شیر به نظر می رسد:

हीर m. hira (ira, ara) lion

वन n. vana (mana) abode

چون نام هایک هم که معادل کهن ارمن آورده شده است به لغت اوستایی به معنی بُرنده، درنده، تکه تکه کننده (شیر درنده) است.

هیئت گرجی نام ارمنستان یعنی سیمختی (سین-ختی) به سنسکریت و سکایی معنی جایگاه شیر درنده را می دهد

:

सिंह m. siMha lion

Kaṭa (कट) refers to the “caves (of lions)”, house.

نام اوستایی ارامنه یعنی سائینی با این سیمختی (سین ختی، سرزمین شیر) مرتبط به نظر می رسد. استرابون محل سرزمینی به نام سوئنس را بین دریای مازندران و دریای سیاه یاد داشت کرده است. این نکته نظرها تلاشهای گذشته من در مورد نامهای اورارتو و ارمنستان که آنها به معنی سرزمین «رودخانه ها» و «سرزمین ماه یا عقاب یا آهن» گرفته بودم، باطل می گرداند. همچنین نظریات کسان دیگر در این باب را که در ویکیپدیای انگلیسی انعکاس یافته و پی به معانی نبرده اند، تکمیل می نماید:

“Names and etymology

Various names were given to the geographic region and the polity that emerged in the region.

Urartu/Ararat: The name Urartu (Armenian: Ուրարտու; Assyrian: māt Urarṭu;[5] Babylonian: Urashtu; Hebrew: אֲרָרָט Ararat) comes from Assyrian sources. Shalmaneser I (1263–1234 BC) recorded a campaign in which he subdued the entire territory of "Uruatri". The Shalmaneser text uses the name Urartu to refer to a geographical region, not a kingdom, and names eight "lands" contained within Urartu (which at the time of the campaign were still disunited). The Assyrian Uruatri seems to correspond with the Azzi of contemporaneous Hittite texts. Urartu is cognate with the Biblical Ararat, Akkadian Urashtu, and Armenian Ayrarat. In addition to referring to the famous Biblical highlands, Ararat also appears as the name of a kingdom in Jeremiah 51:27, mentioned together with Minni and Ashkenaz. Mount Ararat is located approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of the kingdom's former capital, though the identification of the biblical "mountains of Ararat" with the Mt. Ararat is a modern identification based on postbiblical tradition. Biainili/Biaini: The Urartian kings, starting during the co-reign of Ishpuini and his son, Menua, referred to their kingdom as Biainili, or "those of the land of Bia" (sometimes transliterated as Biai or Bias). Whoever or whatever "Bia" was remains unclear. It is not to be confused with the nearby land "Biane", which likely became the Armenian Basean (Greek: Phasiane).

Kingdom of Van (Վանի թագավորութիւն): A widespread belief is that the Urartian toponym Biainili (or Biaineli), which was possibly pronounced as Vanele (or Vanili), became Van (Վան) in Old Armenian. The names "Kingdom of Van" and "Vannic Kingdom" were applied to Urartu as a result of this theory and the fact that the Urartian capital, Tushpa, was located near the city of Van and the lake of the same name.

Nairi: Boris Piotrovsky wrote that the Urartians first appear in history in the 13th century BC as a league of tribes or countries which did not yet constitute a unitary state. In the Assyrian annals the term Uruatri (Urartu) as a name for this league was superseded during a considerable period of years by the term "land of Nairi". More recent scholarship suggests that Uruatri was a district of Nairi, and perhaps corresponded to the Azzi of contemporaneous Hittite texts. Although early rulers of the Kingdom of Urartu referred to their domain as "Nairi" (instead of the later Biainili), some scholars believe that Urartu and Nairi were separate polities. The Assyrians seem to have continued to refer to Nairi as a distinct entity for decades after the establishment of Urartu until Nairi was totally absorbed by Assyria and Urartu in the 8th century BC.

Khaldini: Carl Ferdinand Friedrich Lehmann-Haupt (1910) believed that the people of Urartu called themselves Khaldini after the god Ḫaldi. This theory has been overwhelmingly rejected by modern scholars.

Shurili: Linguists John Greppin and Igor M. Diakonoff argued that the Urartians referred to themselves as Shurele (sometimes transliterated as Shurili or Šurili, possibly pronounced as Surili), a name mentioned within the royal titles of the kings of Urartu (e.g. "the king of Šuri-lands”). The word Šuri has been variously theorized as originally referring to chariots, lances or swords (perhaps related to the Armenian word sur (սուր) meaning "sword"). Others have connected Shurili to an as yet undetermined geographical region, such as Shupria (perhaps an attempt by the ruling dynasty to associate themselves with the Hurrians), Cappadocia, the Ararat plain, or the entire world.

Armenia: In the late 6th–early 5th century BC, with the emergence of Armenia in the region, Urartu (Urashtu in Babylonian) was used as a synonym for Armenia (Old Persian Armina) in the trilingual Behistun Inscription. The name Ararat was translated as Armenia in the 1st century AD in historiographical works and very early Latin translations of the Bible, as well as the Books of Kings and Isaiah in the Septuagint. Some English language translations, including the King James Version, follow the Septuagint translation of Ararat as Armenia. Shupria (Akkadian: Armani-Subartu from the 3rd millennium BC) is believed to have originally been a Hurrian or Mitanni state that was subsequently annexed into the Urartian confederation. Shupria is often mentioned in conjunction with a district in the area called Arme or Armani and the nearby districts of Urme and Inner Urumu. It is possible that the name Armenia originates in Armini, Urartian for "inhabitant of Arme" or "Armean country". The Arme tribe of Urartian texts may have been the Urumu, who in the 12th century BC attempted to invade Assyria from the north with their allies the Mushki and the Kaskians. The Urumu apparently settled in the vicinity of Sason, lending their name to the regions of Arme and the nearby Urme and Inner Urumu.”